The absence of harm is the moral principle, according to which person should refrain from causing harm to others ("First, I am not harmful"). Compare with mercy.
Patennalism is a position according to which freedom of humans is reasonably limited to prevent a friendly or contribute to his own well-being. Paterynalism in its essence is limiting the freedom to the principle. It is based on the theory of violation, namely, the fact that a person lacks facts or mental abilities to make a reasonable choice. Sometimes it is defended by the theory of future consent: namely, that a person whose freedom is limited, ultimately agree (or at least, in principle, may), that the restriction was desirable, given more accurate facts or improved cognitive abilities in the future.
The rights are what belongs to individuals, based on the main ethical principles. The rights create parallel duties from other or society as a whole. The so-called negative rights are the right to non-interference (for example, in his speech, conscience, associations), usually based on the principle of autonomy. Positive rights, on the contrary, are the rights of the "recipient" (for example, education, healthcare), usually based on the principle of justice.
The deontology of rules is the theory, according to which non-consequencyline principles should be applied in the form of rules, and that such rules determine whether specific actions are correct or not. Contact the deontology of the law.
The utilitarianism rule is the theory that the principle of utility is (or should be) the source of the rules of conduct, and that such rules determine whether specific actions are correct or not. The rules justifying by their general utilitarian consequences may, nevertheless, require actions that are not maximizing utility in specific circumstances. The rationale is that, despite such cases, overall use is maximized by the system of following the rules compared to an alternative when individuals decide on behavior in certain circumstances. It is well known that people are hard to be impartial about utility (or something else) in matters related to their personal interests. The rules have the power of imposing a certain extent "objectivity" due to their inflexibility. The sequence requires the rules to be used in the system itself. The new international gaming club
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