With a small number of piles intended for driving, and a small depth of their immersion in soft soil, driving can be done by a manual woman. The hand woman is made of a pine or oak ridge with a height of about 1.5 m. with a diameter of about 45 cm, from above and below it is equipped with iron hooks that protect it from being soaked, and from the sides for lifting it - with special handles. The number of handles is made in such a way that during work, no more than 16 kg is needed for each worker when lifting, which in this case is attached to it using a vertical rod passing through the tree and reinforced from above with a nut.
Scoring is performed as follows. The pile delivered to the marked place at its upper end is drilled and installed in a specially dug hole for it. To be able to give the pile a vertical position in the future, a rope with two ends lowered to the sides is tied to the top of the pile. A crowbar is inserted into the drilled hole and a scaffold ("bed") is placed on it, arranged on two beds resting their ends in the ground. Ropes are also attached to the edges of the scaffolding, the purpose of which is to help install the pile in an upright position.
The workers stand on the scaffold and, lifting the woman up about 1 m, hit her on the head of the pile and thereby immerse her in the ground. When driving a significant number of piles to a great depth into heavy soils, the driving is carried out with copra.
Copra
All copra used in construction can be divided into manual, mechanical, steam and electric copra. At the same time, the frame of the copra by its design remains almost unchanged for everyone. Its base is a frame or base consisting of a front beam, a rear, one or two beams connected perpendicular to the first and called the tail of the copra, and two struts.
On the base, the arrows or legs of the copra are arranged vertically, reaching a height of 8-9 m, from above they are fastened with a nozzle bearing the name of the copra head. For greater stability, the arrows are reinforced with side and rear bevels; a ladder is usually arranged on the latter to give the entire system rigidity in height. All individual bars are fastened together with cuts and forgings: clamps, brackets and corners.
In addition, to protect the edges of the arrows from the dampening of the babin when it is raised and lowered, they are also bound with angular iron. All forgings are nailed to the copra tightly. At the top of the copra, a block is strengthened between its arrows, through which a "shovel" rope or cable is thrown, which serves to lift a woman.
The block is made with a diameter of about 60 cm or from individual scraps of boards - wooden, or solid cast iron, or from a second block of smaller diameter, serving to throw the so-called rope designated for lifting and installation under the pile driver.
To strike the pile, the coper is equipped with a woman, usually cast iron, cast from fine-grained cast iron in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base weighing from 500 to 1000 kg or more. At the top, the woman is provided with an ear for attaching the cable. sensuelas.com/massage-parlors/